Duke of Touraine
Duke of Touraine was a title in the Peerage of France.
The
peerage was first created in 1360 for Philip, youngest son of King John
II of France. He returned the duchy to the Crown in 1363 on being made
Duke of Burgundy and died in 1404.
The next creation was in 1386
for Louis, youngest son of King Charles V of France. He returned the
duchy to the Crown in 1392 on being made Duke of Orléans and died in
1407.
The third creation was in 1401 for John, fourth son of King
Charles VI of France. He became Dauphin of France in 1415 and died
unmarried in 1417.
The next creation was in 1416 for Charles,
youngest son of King Charles VI of France, who succeeded his brother as
Dauphin in 1417. He succeeded as King Charles VII of France in 1422 when
the title merged in the Crown.
The fifth creation was in 1423 for
the Scottish nobleman Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, a
commander on the French side in the Hundred Years' War. He was killed at
the Battle of Verneuil in 1424. His son Lord Wigtown, absent in
Scotland, was believed in France to have died without issue, so the
title was presumed extinct. When it became apparent that Wigtown had
succeeded his father as Earl of Douglas, he was confirmed in the title
Duke of Touraine, though not the lands. He died in 1439 and the male
line of the fourth Earl of Douglas became extinct on the death of
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas the following year.
The land
of Touraine was given, by letters-patent in Bourges on 21 October 1424,
to Louis III of Anjou, "King of Sicily" (King of Naples).
In
1528, the land of Touraine was given by Francis I of France to his
mother Louise of Savoy as an exchange with the Duchy of Nemours, given
to her in 1523.
The next creation was in 1576 for Francis,
youngest son of King Henry II of France, who was created Duke of Anjou
and Berry at the same time. He died unmarried in 1584, when the title
became extinct.
The title of "Duke of Touraine" was awarded
in 1981 by the legitimist pretender, Alphonse of Bourbon, Duke of Cadiz
and "Duke of Anjou", to his second son Louis Alphonse. Following his
brother's death in 1984 and his father's one in 1989, he respectively
became, under the same pretention, "Duke of Bourbon" and "Duke of
Anjou". He is the current legitimist pretender to the title of King of
France as "Louis XX".
As pretender, he didn't re-award the title so
far, awarding his twin sons "Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy" and
"Duke of Berry" respectively.
See also:
Bishop Valentin Douglas
The Earl of Wigton,
in France
For more on the Douglas family in France, see our
France portal
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