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The Douglas maple is a deciduous shrub or small shade tree in the
soapberry family (Sapindaceae) and is native to western North America
from Alaska south to California and west to Nebraska and south to New
Mexico. The specific epithet means smooth, without hair, referring to
its smooth stems and leaves.
The species is named after
David Douglas, a Scottish botanist who
in addition to this tree, is also known for the Douglas fir.
This
tree will grow 12-30 feet in height and spread 10 to 20 feet wide. It
usually has a multi-trunk habit and a shrub-like growth and a narrow
crown in more open areas. It can be tall and spindly in closer stands of
trees. Can withstand sandy, loamy, and heavy clay acidic soils, prefers
well-drained soil and needs lots of organic matter. It performs best in
semi-shade to shade. Plant in a location sheltered from strong winds,
frost, and afternoon sun. This is a relatively low-maintenance tree, and
should only be pruned in summer after the leaves have fully developed,
as it may 'bleed' sap if pruned in late winter or early spring.
There are three varieties depending on what region they are growing in.
They are listed below.
It is primarily grown for its ornamental
red fruit in the late summer and fall and its interesting red twigs that
stand out, particularly in the winter. The fall color is knock-out
yellow-to-red.
Works well for erosion control, in a woodland
garden and as an understory tree. Best grown in its native habitat and
would not be appropriate for the southeast.
Insects, Diseases,
and Other Plant Problems: No significant insect or disease problems. In
alkaline soils, it can develop manganese chlorosis. Watch for aphids,
leafhoppers, borers, scale, and caterpillars. Also note that
verticillium wilt attacks the vascular system and can be fatal. Canker,
fungal leaf spot, and root rots may also occur. Wind and ice may break
some branches.
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