Family/Spouse: Thutmosis I King of Egypt. Thutmosis died in 1518 BC. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From
http://www.neferchichi.com/hatshepsut.html
at
Neferchichi's Tomb, Pharaohs
http://www.neferchichi.com/pharaohs.html

Hatshepsut
Birth name: Hatshepsut ("Foremost of the Noble Ladies")
Throne name: Maatkare ("Truth is the Soul of Re")
Rule: 1498 - 1483 BC (queen of the 4th king of the 18th dynasty; regentof the 5th king; self-declared pharaoh after that! New Kingdom)
Noteworthy relatives: Tuthmosis I (father), Tuthmosis II(half-brother/husband), Tuthmosis III (step-son)



Hatshepsut and her two brothers were the children of the great pharaohTuthmosis I and his main queen Ahmose. Her brothers were in line toinherit their father's throne, but they missed their chance when theydied before he did. Hatshepsut was his only child of "pure" royal blood,but wouldn't inherit the throne because she wasn't male. Instead, it wentto her half-brother Tuthmosis II, the son of Tuthmosis I and a lesserqueen. Tuthmosis II took her as his "great royal wife" to strengthen hisconnection to the throne. They had a daughter (Neferure) but no sons,although Tuthmosis II did have a son (Tuthmosis III) with a harem girl.

Tuthmosis II was sickly and fragile, totally unlike his father. When hedied, his son Tuthmosis III inherited the throne as a very young child.Because he was so young, Queen Hatshepsut acted as his regent. A regentis a person who rules for a child until the child is old enough to takeover.

After about two years of "helping" him, Hatshepsut made a bold move. Shedeclared herself pharaoh- so she was now the king, not the queen! Thisput Tuthmosis III out of the picture, so we don't know much about how hespent his childhood, although he did join the army as a young man.

Even though ancient Egyptian women had more rights than women in othercultures at the time, the title of pharaoh had always been reserved for aman. Hatshepsut played along by having herself portrayed with a falsebeard, a male body, and a king's headdress in all statues, paintings, andcarvings. Some writings even refer to her as a "him"! How could a womanin ancient times get away with such a radical move? Simple: it wasallowed because she did an excellent job. She was a bold leader whobrought peace and economic success to Egypt.

Pharaohs before Hatshepsut boasted about their military adventures byhaving them carved and painted all over the place. Since she had neverbeen personally involved in any wars, she chose to brag about theexpedition she sent to Punt, a far-off land to the south. Engravings onone of the walls in her temple at Deir el-Bahari show huge ships bringingback lots of African treasures: ivory, gold, live myrrh trees, ebony,exotic animals, spices, resins, gums, and wood.

Hatshepsut commissioned many building projects. She restored temples thatwere damaged when the Hyksos invaded Egypt in the Second IntermediatePeriod. She added on to the Temple of Amun and erected two gold-tippedobelisks to commemorate her greatness. At Deir el-Bahari, she built ahuge mortuary temple (a place where she could be worshiped after herdeath) at the base of the huge cliffs.

When she was the Queen of Tuthmosis II, Hatshepsut had a tomb built over200 feet up the side of a cliff. She never used it, opting instead tojoin her father Tuthmosis I in his tomb, KV20 ("the 20th tomb in theValley of the Kings") which faced her mortuary temple. Hatshepsut orderedfurther excavation to enlarge the tomb in order to fit them both. WhenHoward Carter (the guy who found King Tut's tomb) discovered KV20 in1903, it had already been robbed. He found some broken pieces of pottery,fragments of furniture, and bits of burnt wood. The burial chambercontained two yellow quartzite sarcophagi: one for Hatshepsut, and theother for her dad. But both mummies were missing. Tuthmosis I was finallyfound in a secret burial place in 1881, safely tucked away from tombrobbers along with 39 other hidden royal mummies. Hatshepsut's mummy wasnever found.

Tuthmosis III rightfully became pharaoh after Hatshepsut died in 1483 BC.Since her mummy is missing, no one knows how she died, but many speculatethat Tuthmosis III may have had a part in her death. He hated her so muchfor swiping his position that he ordered her monuments destroyed, herstatues smashed, and her name and image scratched out wherever itappeared. Ancient Egyptians had a strong belief in the power of images.By destroying her statues and wiping out her name, he was both erasingthe memory of her life and also canceling her existence in the afterlife!

Family/Spouse: Thutmosis III Pharaoh of Egypt. Thutmosis (son of Akheperenre Thutmosis II King of Egypt) died in 1504 BC. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Web Resources about Pharaohs & Egypt:
A Brief Chronology of the Great Pharaohs
http://www.osirisweb.com/egypt/egypt2.html
Encyclopedia of the Rulers of Egypt He
http://www.sis.gov.eg/rulers/html/front.htm
By the Egyptian government.
Pharaohs and High Priests of Ancient Egypt
http://www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/pharaohs.htm
Kings & Queens of Egypt
You can see a comprehensive list of the ancient Egyptian Kings
http://www.guardians.net/egypt/famous.htm
Neferchichi's Tomb, Pharaohs
http://www.neferchichi.com/pharaohs.html
Guide to Ancient Egypt on the Web
http://www.cmi.k12.il.us/~kempeja/Anewegypt.html
Egypt
Resources on ancient Egypt (Kemet), its pharaohs, hieroglyphs, pyramids,the gods and goddesses, archaeology, art, egyptologists, sites forhomeschoolers and kids, and gossip.
http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/egypt/
The Pharaohs Network
http://www.thepharaohs.net/main.cfm
Egyptian Royalty (Books about)
http://www.royalty.nu/Africa/Egypt/index.html

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From
http://www.neferchichi.com/tuthmosis4.html
at
Neferchichi's Tomb, Pharaohs
http://www.neferchichi.com/pharaohs.html


Tuthmosis IV
Birth name: Tuthmosis ("Born of the God Thoth")
Throne name: Menkheperure ("Everlasting are the Manifestations of Re")
Rule: 1419 - 1386 BC (8th king of the 18th dynasty, New Kingdom)
Noteworthy relatives: Amenhotep II (father), Tuthmosis III (grandfather),Amenhotep III (son)



By the time Tuthmosis IV became pharaoh, the Great Sphinx in front ofKhafre's pyramid at Giza was already more than 1,000 years old and wasburied up to its neck in the shifting sands of the desert. There had beenmany attempts to dig it up-- some successful, some not (it's unburiednow, of course, and has been so since 1926). The first person to clearaway the sand was Tuthmosis IV. He claimed that he was out hunting in thedesert and took a nap in the shadow of the Sphinx's head (which wouldhave been the only part sticking out of the sand). While Tuthmosis wassleeping, the Sphinx came to him in a dream and promised Tuthmosis thathe would become pharaoh if he cleared away the sand. Digging startedimmediately and sure enough Tuthmosis IV became pharaoh in 1419 BC. Acarved monument known as the Dream Stele between the Sphinx's pawscommemorates the "rescue

During the New Kingdom, royal tombs were built high in the cliffs ofUpper Egypt in a spot commonly called "The Valley of the Kings." Theintention was to make the tombs as inaccessible to grave robbers aspossible... although they got robbed anyway. Around 1000 BC, a group ofpriests gathered up all the royal mummies and stored them in two secret"mummy caches" (one near Deir el-Bahari, and the other in the tomb ofTuthmosis IV's father, Amenhotep II) to keep them safe. These hiddenroyals were nowhere to be found for almost 2,000 years: in 1881, the 40mummies in the Deir el-Bahari location were found. Then in 1898 the tombof Amenhotep II with its additional 16 mummies was discovered. This iswhere Tuthmosis IV was found- in his father's tomb.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]