| Notes |
- AT THIS TIME IN HISTORY THE SCOTTISH BRANCH IN THE FAMILY WAS INVOLVEDIN THE JACOBITE REBELLION:
Lancashire is located to the northwest of Manchester along the IrishSea. From about 1700 to 1715 (but particularly after the death ofQueen Anne in 1714) its people were deeply involved in the JacobeanRevolt. These folks were the followers of "The Old Pretender" --called by the English insurgents "James III" and by the Scots "JamesVIII" while the English loyalists used his given name, James Edward.These Jacobean followers were heavily -- and maybe exclusively --Roman Catholic.
At the time of King James II's accession to the throne (1685), he wasa widower, had no male heir, was personally a devout Roman Catholicbut was also a serious believer of the political philosophy of "DivineRight of Kings." He was also well up in years (54) and both of hisliving daughters (one who became Queen Mary and the other Queen Anne)were just as devout Protestants. That was acceptable enough to theParliament and people of England. What changed everything was thatJames II remarried and his second wife (Mary of Modena) had a son --James Edward.
That precipitated a serious crisis (in 1687) which eventually led tothe "Glorious Revolution of 1688" and the installation of William andMary of Orange (Mary was James II's eldest dughter by his first wife)to the throne. Parliament eventually declared the still living JamesII as having "abdicated" the throne since he, his second wife, andtheir young son had fled to France.
Rumors had spread like wildfire, however, that while James Edward mayhave been the son of the king's second wife, his sudden appearance wasjust too politically convenient for the cause of Roman Catholicism inEngland. Serious doubts began to surface whether James Edward was agenuine
Crown-Prince (btw most scholars today believe he was the natural sonof James II and that the rumors were the not-unexpected politicalfall-out of the "Test Act of 1673.")
The Jacobean Revolt -- then -- was an attempt to get the direct maleline of Stuart kings back on the throne -- a line that had solidcommitments to Roman Catholicism. Men and moneys were raised in bothSpain and France and much of the military manpower was raised inIreland (The almost senile James II eventually died in "the EmeraldIsle" in 1701).
The revolt ebbed and flowed from 1688 until Queen Anne died in 1714.That provided an unusual "window-of- opportunity" which came to aserious crisis when James Edward claimed his ancestral title as KingJames VIII of Scotland and landed at Peterhead in December of thatyear. By 1715, however, the English portion of the revolt had beenisolated in Lancashire and that branch was thoroughly crushed. Thosewho could, blended into the countryside or escaped by boat over toIreland. Those who could not were eventually arrested and -- as yourship's manifest documents -- sold into indentured service/penalservitude typically in the colonies.
Once the main campaign collapsed, foreign support quickly dried up. By1719, James Edward Stuart was living in quiet retirement near Rome(where he eventually died in 1766). The Jacobean cause, however,continued in Scotland for a number of years by followers of his son"Bonnie Prince Charlie."
There are all kinds of interesting legends and stories about thatbranch of this revolt -- but it is rather outside of our specific areaof interest.
That core of historical background gives some explanation for theLancashire emigrants of 1715. You have already made some documentedconnection with veterans of that campaign. Unfortunately, thatconnection only solves part of the problem.
Notes provided by;
Norbert A Wethington PH. D.
Oberlin College College Affiliate Scholar
P O Box 842
Fremont, Ohio 43420-0842
419-332-8780
KingMover@aol,com
THE AMERICAN GENERATIONS
Clements, Wethington; Maryland to Casey Co, KY
Entries: 10595 Updated: Tue Jan 13 07:55:04 2004 Contact: Joseph LClements
ID: I04073
Name: **William (II) WHITTINGTON
Sex: M
Birth: 1649 in Nottingham, England
Death: 31 MAR 1717 in Calvert Co, Maryland
Reference Number: 4074
Note:
General Web Archives online GenWeb, Calvert Co, MD A list of taxiblestaken by William Hickman, Constable of Lyons Creek Hundred in the year1733:
Wm. Whittington, Wm. Whittington Jun. and two slaves....4
At the widow Whittington two slaves...3
A list of taxables as they were received by Joseph Wilson, Constableof Upper Hundred of the Cliffs in the year 1732/1733;
Francis Whittington two slaves...3
Hereinafter cited as Gen Web Archives
Jane Baldwin and Robert Henry, The Maryland Calendar of Wills 1713 -1720 (Baltimore: no publisher, 1914) p 6465, Liber 14 f.208Whitington, Wm Sr planter, Calvert Co; 31 Mar 1716 19 May 1716.
To son Francis and hrs. part of two tracts 70 A "Coxes Freehold", 50 A"Capthall" at decease of his mother or age of 21 years andpersonality.
To son, William and hrs. part of two tracts ""Lowerys Rut" containing100 A and "Bullens Right" containing 175 A.
To dau. Mary personality.
To Wife Charity, extx. residue of estate during life, to pass tochild, at her decease.
Test: Rich Pool, John Camwell
Information From:
Carol (Ghers) Mitchell
134 Schnauzer Lane
Beaver Falls, PA 15010
carolmit@usaor.net
724-847-4473
Whittington, Wm. Sr, planter Calvert Co,
31st March 1716 19th May 1716
To son Francis and hrs. part of two tracts, 70 A. "Coxes Freehold", 80A. "Capthall", at decease of his mother or at age of 21 years, andpersonality.
To son William and hrs., part of two tracts, "Lowery's Rut" containing100 A., and "Bullens Right" containing 175 A.
To dau. Mary, personality.
To wife Charity, extx. residue if estate during life, to pass tochild. at her decease.
Test: Rich. Pool; Jno. Camwell 14.208
Information From:
Family Tree Maker, CD 206 Genealogical Records: Maryland ProbateRecords, Calender of Wills, Vol 4, 1713 - 1720, Calender of Wills 1713- 1721 pages 64 & 65
From Trish Worthington Cobb (the Alabama line of Wethingtons);
Wydderendun is an early spelling from the Celtic-Saxon; later there isWidderington in documents naming a Richard Widderington from Maryland.(There was a Lord Widderington whose castle and estate grounds were atthe North sea near Tynemouth in Northumberland, England. The Englishnames Witherington and Wetherington, used interchangeably, were themost common up to the 19th Century. Other spelling variations include;Withrington, Wethrington,Wethington, Weitherington, Weithington,Weatherington, Weathington, Wheathington, etc. There are otherassumptions that Wethington (etc) and all the variant spellings is aNorman name meaning "Willow Town". Calvert County, Maryland is one ofthe oldest counties in Maryland, being charted in 1654. In 1654 manyof the settlers were English gentry. There were also Puritans who hadbeen expelled from Virginia, the Scotts who had been exiled to the newfrontier, and the Huguenots of French descent. William and John leftEngland at the time of the persecution of the Protestants and locatedin Baltimore, Maryland. John lived with his Uncle John in TalbotCounty. William lived with his relative Francis Whittington. Williamestabished his residence in the north part of Calvert County andattended the All Saints Church there.
Information From;
Thomas Hendry
37584 Ingleside Drive
Clinton Township, MI 48036-2618
teepee_@att.net
Father: **William WHITTINGTON b: ABT 1610 in Nottingham, England
Mother: **Margery ROBOTHAM b: ABT 1620 in Radford, England
Marriage 1 **Charity COURT b: 1650 in Calvert Co, Maryland
Married: 1670 in Calvert Co, Maryland
Children
**William (III) WHITTINGTON b: 1671 in Calvert Co, Maryland
Mary WHITTINGTON b: 1673 in Calvert Co, Maryland
Francis WHITTINGTON b: 1678 in Calvert Co, Maryland
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1649 - 1717 (68 years)