Notes |
- Data on Gen. George Mathews continued.
The Augusta Chronicle, in its issue of Friday, September 11, 1812, carried the following account of the death and funeral of General Mathews:
"CHRONICLE, Friday, September 11, 1812:
"It is not to embelish a character that ever shone without any false lustre, that you are requested to record the death of General GEORGE MATTHEWS, one of our real heroic and patriotic revolutionary fathers. On his journey to Washington from Florida he became indisposed in this city, and after an illness of 12 days expired on the 30th ult. aged 73 years - He was a native of Augusta County in the state of Virginia, & at an early period of life commanded a company against the Indians, where he distinguished himself as a brave and gallant officer at Point Pleasant, on the great Kanhawa. - He was among the earliest asserters, and defenders of our country's rights, in the times that "tried mens souls" and at the commencement of the revolutionary war he was appointed a colonel in the ninth regiment in the Virginia line - at the head of which he fell in the battle of Germantown covered with wounds, when he was taken prisoner and remained two years in captivity; being afterwards exchanged he entered again into the active service and was a zealous and valuable officer in the army of Gen. Green at the southward. In the tented field his martial spirit, prudence, enterprize and activity, entitled him to the affection and confidence of the common father of his country, and to the gratitude of all who held in veneration the liberties and independence of America. - Soon after the revolutionary war he removed to this state - his superiority of natural intellect - his wisdom in discerning, and firmness in pursuing the general good of the community, entitled him to a seat in Congress, to which he was elected in 1789 - and to the first honors of this state which have been several times conferred on him. He lately accepted an unsolicited appointment to act as an United States commissioner at the southward, and although his heart might have been stung by some recent transactions, yet never was his patriotism more conspicuous, than when he made every feeling of personal resentment yield to it - He was a stranger to adulation and equally above the smiles and frowns of power - for which, although he entertained a proper respect, yet his approach to it was ever untainted with servility and with a freedom not bordering upon rudeness, nor did he regard the rash tumultuary opinions of the day; conscious that he never had or could neglect or betray his country's interest - but that with invincible resolution he had pursued what he deemed the true intent of his instructions, and the good of the community even amidst, and against, the murmurs of interested individuals.
"In private life he was kind and benevolent - sincere ln his professions, faithful to his engagements, and inflexibly just in his dealings. He was uncommonly active for his time of life, and relying on the firmness of an excellent constitution, he neither regarded fatigue or difficulty in pursuing what he conceived to be his duty; and the disease which terminated his existence, was doubtless contracted in the service of his country. For learning before he left the southward that the Indians in that quarter were becoming troublesome, he made a visit to Col. Hawkins, to concert with him a plan to defeat or prevent their mischievous designs; that the heat of the weather, the high waters, and numerous difficulties he encountered on this rout, added to other unmerited circumstances to which he had been subjected, sensibly affected his bodily powers, and he only reached this city in time to receive the last offices of friendship, during the progress of that disease, which closed his connection with earthly things.
"On the afternoon of Monday, the 31st ult. his remains were interred in St. Paul's Church Yard, with military honors; and attended by a large concourse of citizens, who assembled to pay the last respect, to a brave soldier and worthy man the procession moved from Mr. Eabley's to the Church Yard, in the following order:--
CAVALRY (Dismounted.); Independent Blues; RANGERS with arms reversed and drumbs muffled; Clergyman and Physicians; Colonel McKinne; Colonel Ware; Maj. Hutchinson; Major Walton; Major Lark; Major Watkins; CORPSE; CHIEF MOURNERS; Mr. Charles Matthews; General Walker; Col. Isaacs; and John Forsyth, esq.; MILITARY OFFICERS; Intendant and Members of Council; CITIZENS, ARTILLERY
"Minute guns were fired till the procession reached the Church Yard; after the interment, three guns were fired over the grave by the Artillery, and three vollies by the infantry companies - Thus pass the Heroes of the Revolution one after another, to that "undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveller returns."
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The WILL of General George Mathews is on record in Augusta County, Virginia, in Will Book 11, page 285, a Certified Copy of which is in my [Not the Douglas Archives] possession. It is as follows:
"Be it known to all persons whom it may concern that I George Mathews Senr. of the Mississippi Territory do make and ordain the following my last will & testament.
"1st. I give and bequeath to my dear daughters Rebecca Meriweather & Jane Telfair a tract of land in Kentucky on the waters of Green River containing by estimation two thousand four hundred acres, known by the name of the Poplar Lick, being a part of a Four Thousand acres Survey, on which Henry Roads lives, to them and their heirs forever, and to be equally divided between them as to quantity & quality.
"2nd. I give and bequeath unto my son John Mathew's three sons George Mathews, Archer Mathews and John Mathews a tract of land in the State of Ohio containing one thousand acres lying on the Ohio River about four miles below the mouth of Sciota to them & their heirs forever to be equally divided between them.
"3rd. I give and bequeath to my son Wm. Mathews' four sons George Mathews, Francis Merriweather Mathews, Charles L. Mathews & Samuel B. Mathews, a tract of land lying on Dew Creek in the State of Ohio containing by estimation one Thousand and four hundred & some acres to them & their heirs forever to be equally divided them.
"4th. I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife Mary all the estate both real & personal which I received with her in marriage, also two negro women Caty & Rachel & Caty's son Burwell, a Negro slave David and all the debts due to me in the Mississippi Territory also my gold watch to her and her heirs forever. I further give and bequeath unto her for and during her widowhood, the use of the following negroes, Sam, Daniel, Joe, Edmund, Charles, Affable & her children.
"5th. I give and bequeath unto Miss Sarah Carpenter Nelson, a Mulatto child of the aforesaid of the aforesaid Negro woman Rachel to her and her heirs forever.
"6th. It is my will that all the remaining land of which I may die possess'd, shall be sold five years after my deceased, on a credit of one, two and three years, and the money arising from such sales be equally divided between my children and grandchildren who may be in then in existence; and all my personal property of which I may die possess'd I will and desire to be equlaly divided between my sons & daughters & my grandchildren of the deceased to represent their Fathers & Mothers in sharing.
"7th. I authorize my executors to complete & carry into effect an agreement entered into between myself and the agents of certain Brittish Creditors, and for that purpose I give them power to convey any of my lands.
"8th. I appoint my sons George Mathews and Charles L Mathews Executors of this my will hereby revoking all others by me heretofore made. As witness my hand & seal this 24th day of October 1806.
Geo. Mathews (Seal)
"Signed & sealed in presence of
Savinia Lewis; Archd Lewis; John Cavet
"Mississippi)
Territory) Orpham Court of Adam County
"I certify the foregoing to be a true transcript from the original filed of record in this office. In file A fold. 66 &c of "Register of Wills."
"In Testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand as Clerk of said Court and affixed the seal of office this 6th day of April 1813.
SEAL J. A. Girault D. Clk.
"Adam County Js. I Samuel Brooks, Chief Justice of the Orpham Court of said County do hereby certify that John Girault is Register of said Court, and that the above certificate is in due form, and that all acts of his as Register of said Court full faith and credit is due.
"April 6th 1813 S. Brooks J.Q.
"David Holmes Governor of the Mississippi Territory, To All, who shall see these presents. Be it known, that J Girault was on the 6th day of April 1813 Clerk of the Orpham Court of Adam County in said Territory, and that S. Brooks was on the said 6th day of April 1813, a Justice of the Quorum in and for said County of Adam in said Territory, and that full faith and credit are due to all their acts respectively as such. SEAL Given under my hand and seal of the said Territory at the Town of Washington, the 6th day of April 1813.
David Holmes
"Commonwealth of Kentucky,
Scott County set. September Court 1813
"This an authenticated transcript of the last will & testament of George Mathews is produced in Court by Charles L. Mathews one of the Executors therein named & by virtue of the certificates thereon endorsed it is admitted to record, & Executorship on the said will is granted to the said Charles L. Mathews, who thereupon took the oath required by law, and entered into bond in the sum of four thousand dollars with George Trotter Senr. his security & probate of the said will is granted him &c. SEAL In Testimony that the foregoing is a true extract from the record & proceedings of the said Court. I Cary S. Clarke Clerk of the said Court have hereunto set my hand & affixed the seal of the said County the 6th day of September 1813.
Cary S. Clarke, C.S.C.C.
"I Jeremiah Tarlton the senior & presiding Justice of the Scott County Court in the Com'th. of Kentucky, do hereby certify that Cary S. Clarke, whose name is subscribed to the above certificate, was at the time of making the same & is now the acting clerk of the said Court & that the above certificate is in due form.
"Given under my hand & seal the 6th day of Sept. 1813.
Jeremiah Tarlton - Seal
"At a Court held for Augusta County, September the 27th 1813.
"A transcript of the original last will & testament of George Mathews, Senr. deceased, was presented in Court, duly authenticated from the Orpham Court of Adam County in the Mississippi Territory, and is ordered to be recorded. And on the motion of Charles L. Mathews one of the Executors therein named, who made oath, and together with Samuel Clarke his security entered into, and acknowledged their bond, in the penalty of Four Thousand Dollars, conditioned according to law; Certificate is granted him for probat thereon in this State in due form; which said bond is also ordered to be recorded.
Teste: Erasmus Stribling, C.C.
"Recorded in the Augusta County Clerk's Office, Staunton, Virginia, in Will Book 11, Page 285."
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The foregoing Will, from Augusta County, Virginia, lends credence to the statement in GILMER's Georgians (which will be quoted later on) about General Mathews' activities in purchasing Military Land Warrants in Ohio, Kentucky and elsewhere. He evidently died owning thousands of acres of land. Following these pages, it will be shown what happened to some of these lands, notably in Scioto and Highland Counties, Ohio.
Turning now, to a book written in the early 185O's by Governor George R. Gilmer, Sketches of Some of the First Settlers of Upper Georgia, etc., commonly referred to as Gilmer's "Georgians", we find a considerable amount of information on General Mathews and his family. Gov. Gilmer (of Georgia) was distantly related to the Mathews family and his family had also come from Virginia. He described the General as follows:
"General Mathews was a short, thick man, with stout legs, on which he stood very straight. He carried his head, rather thrown back. His features were full and bluff; his hair, light red; and his complexion, fair and florid. His looks spoke out that he would not fear the devil, should he meet him face to face..... His dress was in unison with his look and conversation. He wore a three-cornered cocked hat, fair top boots, a full, ruffled shirt at the bosom and wrists, and occasionally, a long sword at his side..... He was unlearned. He pronounced fully the "l" in would, should, etc., and "ed" at the termination of compound words, with a long drawling accent. He spelled coffee "Kaughphy". He wrote congress with a "k". When Governor, he dictated his messages to his secretary, and then sent them to James Mason Simmons, the Irish schoolmaster, to put them into grammar.
"His memory was unequalled. Whilst he was a Member of Congress, an important document, which had been read during the session, was lost. He was able to repeat its contents verbatim. Previous to the Revolutionary War, he was Sheriff of Augusta County (Virginia), and had to collect the taxes from the inhabitants. He recollected for a long time the name of every taxpayer. His memory, and sharpness in trade, enabled him to make lucrative speculations in the most unusual way. He used to go from Philadelphia to Ohio with three or four horses for his capital in trade. He knew all of the officers of the Revolutionary Army entitled to land in Ohio. He found that men would take a horse for an uncertain claim who would refuse to sell at all if money were offered, from the opinion that money, which was very scarce, would not be given but for what was known to be very valuable. He acquired a large estate in lands, principally by this kind of traffic."
General Mathews purchased the "Goose Pond", a large tract on the Broad River in what is now Oglethorpe County, Georgia. He was instrumental in persuading others from Virginia to locate in Georgia. Among them were Francis Meriwether, Benjamin Taliaferro and many others. These people formed what was known as the "Broad River Settlement." Gilmer says that they formed a society of the greatest intimacy - mutual wants making the surest foundation for the interchange of mutual kindness. As time went by these families became even more closely associated by virtue of the numerous intermarriages between their younger members. A fascinating project for someone with several dozen hours to spare would be to prepare a chart outlining the various marriages between the Mathews, Meriwether, Marks, Barnett, Jordan, and other families, but any such chart would, by its very nature be so complicated as to be unworkable. It was quite common in those days for cousins, even first and second cousins in some cases, to marry.
An account in the 1920 issue of the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography gives us a first-hand account of General Mathews:
"A welcome addition to our very slender stock of information relating to the biography of this officer of the Revolutionary War is contained in the accompanying papers, in the handwriting of Col. Thomas Rodney, who was a member of the Continental Congress and, in later years, Judge of the U. S. Court for the Territory of Mississippi. They were purchased at the recent sale, in Philadelphia, of the correspondence of Caesar, Thomas, and Caesar A. Rodney.
"George Mathews served in the Indian Warfare in Virginia prior to the Revolutionary War..... It is evident from the statements made by Rodney in these papers that Gen. Mathews visited the Mississippi Territory - presumably Natchez - for the purpose of seeing his son, whom President Jefferson had appointed a Judge of one of the U. S. Courts of the Territory in 1805." [NOTE: we know, now, of course, that General Mathews, in his later years, resided in the Mississippi Territory. jrb]
"After reading Rodney's remarkable spelling of celebrated names of ancient times, it is difficult to repress a smile at his comment on the General's lack of accurate historical knowledge and his bad English.
"Sunday, March 31st 1805
"Robt. Williams, Col. Steel, Major R. Claiborne, T. Stark, Mr. W. B. Shields and Myself Dined with Genl. Mathews to day by Invitation - The Genl. is an Old officer Commanded the 9th Virginia Regmt in the Revolution - Was in the Indian Battle near the Canawa River near Mount Pleasant and was wounded at Germain Town &C and Since the Revolution was Governor of Georgia when the Famous or Rather what some think the Infamous Misisipi Georgia Grants were made - He Came here and was Married last Summer to the widow Carpenter by My self -
The Genl. Was Talkative and spoke of Hanible, Sipeo, Fabricius, Carolanus, Marius, &c &c but his historical knowledge was detached and some Times he Erred as To Time and place and frequently Spoke bad English - yet he seemed To have a pretty Strong memory - & repeated parts of Hanible & Sipeo - yet combined parts of different Speeches together without distinction of Time & place &C. He also fought his own Battles o'er e o'er & and gave us a good many other Anecdotes - In a word he was the Orator of the day - Seldom did any of us Interrupt him - I only now & then Expressed a few words to help to rectify some mistakes of Persons, Time & place in his Historical Sketches and I believd we left the Generl. highly pleased with himself - The Genl. However is a Ruff brave old Soldier - and is in many respects Respectable - nor does he lack Strong Talants but all his Opertunities have not polished them much - His wife is an Amiable woman--
"To day Munday April 1, 1805. I went to Natches in My Carriage and Took Stark With me - Dined at Boumonts - but Visited Mrs Murry, Mrs Wooldridge and Mrs Claiborne and returned in the Evening - Met Fitspatrick With Col. Girault, going to Natches - just before My Coffee Came in the Evening Mr. Brandon & Mr. Leamon Called & Took a glass of wine & I Promised to go to Brandons before he Sets of for the States - some Time next week.
Memo.
"When I Dined with Genl. Mathews at his own House He was disposed To Tell his Military Exploits - When he Dined with me a few days ago he was disposed to relate his Civil adventures as a Councillor Ec.
"He was in Congress on the first Meeting and Organization of the Federal Government - and related Several Anectdotes Shewing how he had Conducted himself and what his Sentiments had been on sever Important questions which also involved the Conduct and Sentiments of several other Members of Congress particularly Mr. Madisons the Present Secrety. of the U.S. "The General was reputed a brave officer - was in The Battle with the Indians at Point Pleasant at the Mount of the Great Canawa River - and received 5 wounds in the Battle of German Town - was a Prisoner some time to the Brittish & resided on Long Island - Since the War he has been a Representative in Congress & was once Governor of Georgia at the Time of the Yazoo Speculations–
"He is Still Healthy and Active & Comfortably Settled in this Territory Misisipi--."
[NOTE: the spelling in the foregoing is Rodney's own, and is not in the nature of typographical errors on my part. jrb].
In the July, 1969 issue of The Virginia Magazine, Volume 77, No. 3, pages 307 through 328, there appeared an article entitled "George Mathews, Frontier Patriot", by G. Melvin Herndon, associate professor of history at the University of Georgia.
In addition to many of the details of the life of Gen. George Mathews already given in this chapter, the article mentioned, adds the following data:--
".....He (George) was by far the crudest, most dynamic, energetic, colorful, and capable of the seven boys. He spent virtually all of his life on frontiers: western Virginia, upper Georgia, the Mississippi Territory, and Florida...... One contemporary of Mathews wrote: "I knew him to be a man of unwavering truth as he was of dauntless courage and gigantic mind. He was indeed illiterate, but I have rarely known his equal in energy, comprehension and moral sense."
"By the time he had reached his early twenties, he was a seasoned veteran of Indian warfare..... By the early 176O's Mathews had become a prominent and prosperous young man in Augusta County..... He and his older brother, Sampson, engaged in several economic activities. They kept an ordinary..... and ran a store..... The two brothers were very active in the purchase and sale of lots in Staunton as well as large and small tracts of land throughout the surrounding area. As merchants, they soon penetrated the whole area west of the mountains..... The Mathews firm dealt in everything from Dutch ovens to contracts for indentured servants and a few Negro slaves..... Naturally, a successful businessman would be called upon to serve his community in other ways. In the period 1763 to 1776 Mathews held numerous local offices and positions of trust in his county. He served as vestryman (1763-1768), as warden (1765-1767), surveyor of road (1768), sheriff (1770-1771), tax collector (1770-1772), and as a justice of the peace (1769-1770, 1773-1775). In addition, he became Captain of the militia in 1766..... In 1772 both Sampson and George Mathews were named trustees for the Town of Staunton.
"Mathews distinguished himself in the ferocious and bloody Battle of Point Pleasant on October 10, 1774..... It is not clear who anticipated the intentions of the enemy and initiated the counter movement that brought about the final victory, Mathews or General Lewis. Some accounts give the credit to Mathews, others claim the orders came from the General. Many years later Charles A. Stuart wrote the following account:
""I will say what Genl. Mathews (then Capt. Mathews) told me. Late in the day, he and Capt. Mathew Arbuckle being upon the right wing, and consequently near the Creek (crooked Creek), which was bordered on the east side of a ridge running down it, and terminating near the camp, perceived a movement of the enemy indicative of their intention to cross the creek and gain the heights. They (Arbuckle and Mathews) flanked off to the right, and so checked the movement, driving back the Indians."
"The Battle of Crooked Creek" was of vital importance to the protection of the camp and to the final victory. Had the Indians attained the heights east of the creek, the results might have been calamitous.
"There are several versions as to how Mathews and his regiment came to be captured (at the battle of Germantown)..... Undoubtedly, Mathews' regiment fought its way far in advance of the other American units as it pushed beyond Luken's Mill. When Mathews received orders to retreat, or was forced to do so, he attempted to withdraw via Luken's Mill. Changes in the battle lines had allowed the enemy to man the breastworks again, thus blocking his withdrawal route.
"Despite the fact that the Ninth Regiment was captured at Germantown, the entire unit, and especially Mathews, won considerable fame for their conduct during the campaign. The salvation of the American army at Germantown was ascribed in one early biography of Greene "to the bravery and good conduct of two regiments, one of which was commanded by..... Col Mathews."
"Apparently almost two years lapsed before Mathews fully recovered from the wounds he received at Germantown. Little more is known about the Colonel until the latter part of 1779, when he became active in efforts, to improve the conditions of the American prisoners in New York and effect some kind of a program for the exchange of prisoners, especially Virginians. In September 1779 Mathews appeared at Washington's headquarters at West Point with a letter from Joshua Loring, British Commissary of Prisoners. According to Washington, Mathews was sent at "the request of the Virginia Officers in Captivity, to solicit such indulgence for him and his companions, as will induce the enemy to relinquish the Executions of their threats." The Loring letter expressed deep concern about the treatment of Lieutenant Colonel Henry Hamilton, who had been captured by George Rogers Clark at Vincennes in February 1779. Loring threatened retaliation upon American officers, especially Virginians, held in New York. Since Hamilton was a prisoner of the state of Virginia in Williamsburg, Washington sent Mathews with a copy of the Loring letter to Governor Thomas Jefferson.
"The Loring-Mathews proposal that Mathews "should be permitted to remain in Virginia if Lieutt. Colo. Hamilton were permitted to go to New York on parole." Jefferson not only refused to agree to such an exchange, but stiffly refused to promise better treatment for Hamilton.....
"Undaunted by this failure, Mathews went back to New York and with Major General William Phillips helped work out a general plan concerning an exchange of prisoners.
In the early months of 1780 Colonels Mathews, Robert Magaw, John Ely, and Lieutenant Colonel Nathaniel Ramsay were paroled to leave New York to present the proposal to Congress. Upon presenting the plan to this body, they learned that Congress had just renewed and confirmed the exchange powers it had granted to Washington earlier..... Throughout the remainder of 1780 negotiations regarding the exchange of prisoners bogged down due to several attempts to depart from the general plan drawn up.....
"In 1781 Mathews made several more trips to Congress, Washington's headquarters, and to Virginia as a parolee. While most of his efforts were directed toward effecting an exchange of his fellow Virginia officers in New York, he also worked for the release of other prisoners, including some held aboard a British ship operating in the vicinity of Newport News. Experiencing little success in the area of prisoner exchange, Mathews sought to improve the living conditions of the prisoners. In 1781 he secured money and provisions from Congress and Virginia to make the lot of the prisoners more comfortable.....
"The atmosphere regarding treatment and exchange of prisoners improved with the passage of time and events in 1781. The British Commissary of Prisoners had written the American Commissary in 1779 that the Virginians in the hands of the British would not be exchanged until relief was granted to Colonel Hamilton. His parole in October 1780 and finally his exchange in March 1781 removed a major obstacle. Following the invasion of Virginia by the British forces, General William Phillips wrote General Weedon from his headquarters at Portsmouth, Virginia: "The two flags by Lt. Col. Mathews and Major Callis have been admitted to this place and your Letter received by them and I hope you will be convinced from these Gentlemen's Report of my conversation with them that I mean to pursue during my stay in Virginia a conduct of the strictest liberality and humanity" with regard to the treatment and exchange of prisoners "Mathews was among those officially exchanged on December 5, 1781; however, he had been at his home in Augusta County on parole for several months. He left Chesterfield County, Virginia, in the spring of 1781 and since that time had been "with care and rigid economy endavering to presarve from rail want a wife and Eight helplis children" left in easy circumstances when he went into service.
"On December 27, 1781, three weeks following the official exchange date for Mathews, he received a letter from General Greene ordering him to duty. Mathews replied that he had been recently attacked "with the appearance of a fistilo which have sence terminated in inward bleeding," which seriously impaired his health. He promised to join Greene in April, if his health permitted. Not until "about 15th November," 1782 did Mathews "and a number of others set off to Georgia....."
"While serving in the lower South, Mathews had occasion to view the Broad River in upper Georgia. This was beautiful frontier country, and the state of Georgia recently had adopted a most generous land policy in an effort to attract settlers..... Soon after his regiment had disbanded, Mathews was petitioning the Georgia Assembly for land. In February, the Legislature acted favorably on a petition made by Mathews and several others requesting that a square district or tract of land of 200,000 acres be reserved for the Virginia families they proposed to bring down.....
"Sometime during the year 1784 Mathews, his wife and eight children, and some of his Virginia friends went to Wilkes County, Georgia, and settled in the Goose Pond area of the fertile Broad River Valley, which became the first permanent settlement in present day Oglethorpe County."
RECOMMENDED READING
For the more serious student of family history the following books are strongly recommended:
For an account of the early life and times of Augusta County, Virginia:
WADDELL, Joseph A., Annals of Augusta County, Virginia, orig. publ. 1902. Reprinted C. J. Carrier & Co., Bridgewater, Virginia, 1953.
PEYTON, J. Lewis, History of Augusta County, Virginia, orig. publ. 1882. Reprinted Bridgewater, Virginia, 1953.
For an account of Georgia, etc., see:
GILMER, George R., Sketches of Some of the First Settlers of Upper Georgia, of the Cherokees and the Author, orig. Publ. 1855. Reprinted Americus Book Company, Americus, Georgia, 1926. There is also available a much more recent reprint of Gilmer, which contains an index, something the original lacked.
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