The
title Duke of Buccleuch /bəˈkluː/, formerly also spelt Duke of Buccleugh,
was created in the Peerage of Scotland on 20 April 1663 for the Duke of
Monmouth, who was the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of Scotland,
England, and Ireland, and who had married Anne Scott, 4th Countess of
Buccleuch.
Anne was created Duchess of Buccleuch in her own right
along with her husband, so that the title was unaffected by Monmouth's
attainder of 1685. The title passed on to his descendants, who have
successively borne the surnames Scott, Montagu-Scott, Montagu Douglas
Scott and Scott again. In 1810, the 3rd Duke of Buccleuch inherited the
Dukedom of Queensberry, also in the Peerage of Scotland, thus separating
that title from the Marquessate of Queensberry. Thus, the holder is one
of only five people in the UK to hold two or more different dukedoms,
the others being the Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, the Duke of Hamilton
and Brandon, the Duke of Argyll (who holds two dukedoms named Argyll),
and the Duke of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon.
The substantial
origin of the ducal house of the Scotts of Buccleuch dates back to the
large grants of lands in Scotland to Sir Walter Scott of Kirkurd and
Buccleuch, a border chief, by James II, in consequence of the fall of
the William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas (1452), but the family traced
their descent back to a Sir Richard le Scott (12401285). Sir Walter
Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch (died 1552) distinguished himself at
the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh (1547). His great-grandson Sir Walter was
created Lord Scott of Buccleuch in 1606.
Other subsidiary titles
associated with the Dukedom of Buccleuch are: Earl of Buccleuch (1619),
Earl of Dalkeith (1663) and Lord Scott of Whitchester and Eskdaill
(1619) (all in the Peerage of Scotland). The Duke also holds the two
subsidiary titles of the attainted Dukedom of Monmouth, namely Earl of
Doncaster (1663) and Baron Scott of Tindale (1663) (both in the Peerage
of England), and several subsidiary titles associated with the Dukedom
of Queensberry, namely Marquess of Dumfriesshire (1683), Earl of
Drumlanrig and Sanquhar (1682), Viscount of Nith, Tortholwald and Ross
(1682) and Lord Douglas of Kilmount, Middlebie and Dornock (1682) (all
in the Peerage of Scotland). The Earldom of Doncaster and Barony of
Scott of Tindale had been forfeit at the time of the first Duke's
attainder, but the titles were restored to the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch in
1742. Until 1835, the Dukes also held lands in the West Riding of
Yorkshire and the ancient title of Lord of Bowland. The Duke of
Buccleuch is the hereditary chief of Clan Scott.
The courtesy
title used by the Duke's eldest son and heir is Earl of Dalkeith; and
that of Lord Dalkeith's eldest son and heir is Lord Eskdaill.
Sir
Walter Scott, Bart., was directly descended of the Lords of Buccleuch.
His family history, fancifully interpreted, is the main subject of much
of The Lay of the Last Minstrel.
The current Duke of Buccleuch,
Richard Scott, the 10th Duke, is the largest private landowner in the
United Kingdom and chairman of the Buccleuch Group, a holding company
with interests in commercial property, rural affairs, food, and
beverages. The title originally comes from a holding in the Scottish
Borders, near Selkirk.
The family seats are Bowhill House, three
miles outside Selkirk, representing the Scott line; Drumlanrig Castle in
Dumfries and Galloway, representing the Douglas line; and Boughton House
in Northamptonshire, England, representing the Montagu line. These three
houses are still lived in by the family and are also open to the public.
The family also owns Dalkeith Palace in Midlothian, which is let, and
has owned several other country houses and castles in the past. Its
historic London residence was Montagu House, Whitehall, now demolished.
Most of the Dukes of Buccleuch (the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th) are
buried in the Buccleuch Memorial Chapel in St. Mary's Episcopal Church,
Dalkeith, Midlothian. The 2nd Duke (died 1751) is buried in Eton College
Chapel. The most recent Dukes (the 8th and 9th) are buried among the
ruins of Melrose Abbey in Melrose.
Duke of Buccleuch,
first Creation (1663) James Scott, 1st Duke of
Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch (16491685) was executed for the
Monmouth Rebellion and his honours forfeit
Dukes of
Buccleuch, second Creation (1663) Anne Scott, 1st
Duchess of Buccleuch (16511732) Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of
Buccleuch (16951751) Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, 5th
Duke of Queensberry (17461812) (succeeded as Duke of Queensberry)
Charles William Henry Montagu Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch, 6th Duke of
Queensberry (17721819), second son of the 3rd Duke Walter
Francis Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, 7th Duke of
Queensberry (18061884) William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas
Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch, 8th Duke of Queensberry (18311914)
John Charles Montagu Douglas Scott, 7th Duke of Buccleuch, 9th Duke of
Queensberry (18641935) Walter John Montagu Douglas Scott,
8th Duke of Buccleuch, 10th Duke of Queensberry (18941973)
Walter Francis John Montagu Douglas Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch, 11th
Duke of Queensberry (19232007) Richard Walter John Montagu
Douglas Scott, 10th Duke of Buccleuch, 12th Duke of Queensberry (b.
1954)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Walter John
Francis Montagu Douglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (b. 1984).
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