Caroline married William Augustus Fox-Lane on 31 Dec 1817. William (son of James Fox-Lane and Marcia Lucy Pitt) was born about 1796; died on 11 Feb 1832. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

PITT-RIVERS, AUGUSTUS HENRY LANE-FOX (1827-1900) English soldier and archaeologist, son of W. A. Lane-Fox, was bom on the I4th of April 1827. It was not till 1880 that h assumed the name of Pitt-Rivers, on inheriting the Dorsetshir and Wiltshire estates of his great-uncle, the second Lord Rivers Educated at Sandhurst, he received a commission in th Grenadier Guards in 1845, being captain 1850, lieutenant colonel 1857, colonel 1867, major-general 1877 and lieutenant general 1882. He served in the Crimean War, and was a the Alma and the siege of Sebastopol. His talent fo experimental research was utilized in investigation into mprovements of the army rifle, and he was largely responsible or starting the Hythe School of Musketry. It is not, however, for his military career, but for his work as an anthro->ologist and archaeologist, that General Pitt-Rivers will je remembered. His interest in the evolution of the rifle early extended itself to other weapons and instruments in the listory of man, and he became a collector of articles illustrating :he development of human invention. His collection became amous, and, after being exhibited in 1874-1875 at the Bethnal 3reen Museum, was presented in 1883 to the university of Oxford. When, in 1880, General Pitt-Rivers obtained possession of his great-uncle's estatespractically untouched by the excavator since they had been the battleground of the West Saxons, the Romans and the Britonshe devoted himself to exploring them. His excavations round Rushmore resulted in valuable " finds "; he founded a local museum and published several illustrated volumes. As a scientific archaeologist he attained high rank. Oxford gave him the D.C.L. in 1886; he was president of the Anthropological Institute, and F.R.S. He married, in 1853, Alice Margaret, daughter of the second Lord Stanley of Alderley, and had a numerous family; his second daughter became in 1884 the wife of Sir John Lubbock (Lord Avebury). General Pitt-Rivers died at Rushmore on the 4th of May 1900.



Augustus Pitt Rivers
Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers (14th April, 1827-1900) was an English army officer, ethnologist, and archaeologist. He was noted for his innovations in archaeological methods, and in the museum display of archaeological and ethnological collections.
Born Augustus Henry Lane Fox at Bramham, Yorkshire on 14th April 1827, he was the son of William Lane Fox and Lady Caroline Douglas, a Scottish noblewoman. Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and commissioned into the Grenadier Guards, Lane Fox had a long and successful military career, primarily as a staff officer. He retired in 1882 as a Lieutenant-General. Two years before retirement, Lane Fox inherited the estates of a cousin: Henry Pitt, Baron Rivers. He thereafter adopted the surname Pitt Rivers (sometimes spelled Pitt-Rivers) in honor of his benefactor.

Pitt Rivers' interests in archaeology and ethnology began in the 1850s, during postings overseas, and he became a noted scientist while he was still a serving military officer. He was elected, in the space of five years, to the Ethnological Society of London (1861), the Society of Antiquaries of London (1864) and the Anthropological Society of London (1865). By the time he retired he had amassed ethnographic collections numbering tens of thousands of items from all over the world. Influenced by the evolutionary writings of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer, he arranged them typologically and (within types) chronologically. This style of arrangement, designed to highlight the evolutionary trends in human artifacts, was a revolutionary innovation in museum design. Pitt Rivers' ethnological collections today form the basis of the Pitt Rivers Museum which is still one of Oxford's leading attractions.

The estates that Pitt Rivers inherited in 1880 contained a wealth of archaeological material from the Roman and Saxon periods. He excavated these over seventeen seasons, beginning in the mid-1880s and ending with his death. His approach was highly methodical by the standards of the time, and he is widely regarded as the first scientific archaeologist to work in Britain. His most important methodological innovation was his insistence that all artifacts, not just beautiful or unique ones, be collected and cataloged. This focus on everyday objects as the key to understanding the past broke decisively with past archaeological practice, which had often verged on treasure hunting. It is Pitt Rivers most important, and most lasting scientific legacy.

From 1882 Pitt Rivers served as Britain's first Inspector of Ancient Monuments: a post created by anthropologist and parliamentarian John Lubbock. Charged with cataloging archaeological sites and protecting them from destruction, he worked with his customary methodical zeal but was hampered by the limitations of the law, which gave him little real power over the landowners on whose property the sites stood.


References

Bowden, M.C., 1984, General Pitt-Rivers: The Father of Scientific Archaeology. Salisbury: Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.
Bowden, M.C., 1991, Pitt Rivers : The Life and Archaeological Work of Lieutenant-General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
M. W. Thompson, 1977, General Pitt-Rivers: Evolution and Archaeology in the Nineteenth Century. Moonraker Press.

External Links
The Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford
Pitt Rivers and the Pitt Rivers Museum

Augustus married Alice Margaret Stanley on 3 Feb 1853. Alice (daughter of Sir Edward John Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley Of Alderl and Henrietta Maria Dillon-Lee) was born in 1828; died on 19 May 1910. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alexander married in 1889. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

St married Lady Edith (of Queensbury) Douglas on 25 Mar 1899. Edith (daughter of John Sholto (Marquis 9th of Queensbury) Douglas and Sibyl Montgomery) was born on 31 Mar 1874; died on 20 Jul 1963. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Lillie Ethel Paine in 1893. Lillie (daughter of Arthur F Paine) was born in London; died in 1924. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married on 17 May 1884 in St Peter, Westminster, London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Charles William Sholto Douglas. Charles (son of Sholto George (19th Earl of Morton) Douglas and Hon. Helen Geraldine Maria Ponsonby) was born on 19 Jul 1881; died on 10 Oct 1960. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]